In Violation of All Purported Enlightenment Values, and With Mind-Boggling Hypocrisy
Wednesday March 1st, 2006, by
This is a Z Magazine-footnoted version, originally appeared in the March 2006 issue.
One of the most dubious clichés of the humanitarian intervention
intellectuals and media editors and pundits is that human rights have become
more important to the United States and
other NATO powers and a major influence on their foreign policy in recent
decades. David Rieff writes that human rights "has taken hold not just as a
rhetorical but as an operating principle in
all the major Western capitals, " and his comrade in righteous arms Michael
Ignatieff claims that our enhanced "moral instincts" have strengthened "the
presumption of intervention when massacre
and deportation become state policy." [1] This
perspective was built in good part on the basis of the experience –
and misreading – of developments during the dismantlement of
Yugoslavia in the
1990s, where the propaganda line was that NATO had reluctantly and belatedly
entered that conflict to stop ethnic cleansing and genocide perpetrated by
the Serbs, and had done so successfully. This
was allegedly an intervention rooted in Blair-Clinton-Kohl-Schroeder
humanism, supported and pressed on these leaders by journalists and human
rights protagonists.
There were many things wrong with this explanation and analysis of
recent Balkans history, one of the most important of which was that NATO
intervention was not late – it came quite early and
was a primary cause of the ethnic cleansing that followed as it encouraged a
breakup of Yugoslavia in a manner that left large unprotected minorities in
the newly formed republics, thereby assuring
ethnic conflict; it sabotaged peace agreements within these new states in
the years1992-1994; and it encouraged non-Serb minorities to hope for NATO
military aid in arriving at final
settlements-which they finally did get. The NATO powers even actively or
passively supported the most complete ethnic cleansings of the Balkan
wars-which was of Serbs in Croatia’s Krajina area and
Serbs in NATO-occupied Kosovo from June 1999. [2]
There were other problems with the notion that the NATO intervention in
the Balkans had a humanitarian basis and effect, but it is equally important
to recognize the selectivity in this
focus and the political root of that selectivity. The humanitarian
interventionists were almost completely silent during the 1990s massacres
and deportations by Indonesia in East Timor, the Turkish
slaughters and village burnings in their Kurdish areas, the killings and
huge refugee exodus in Colombia, and the large-scale massacres in the Congo
carried out in good part by invaders from
Rwanda and Uganda. For some reason the "moral instinct" of the humanitarian
politicians didn’t reach these cases, where the killers were allies of
these politicians – and obtained arms and
military aid and training from them. Equally interesting, the moral instinct
of the humanitarian interventionist intellectuals and journalists failed to
over-ride the biased focus of their
political leaders but instead worked in parallel with those biases. This
helped their political leaders go after the targeted villains with greater
violence, partly by diverting attention from
the approved villains and the damage they were inflicting on their
(implicitly unworthy) victims.
The most interesting and perhaps most important case of an aborted
"moral instinct" is that involving Israel, where the state has been engaged
in a systematic policy of dispossession
and ethnic cleansing of the Palestinians on the West Bank and in East
Jerusalem for decades, not only without a meaningful response on the part of
the Free World, but with steady support from
the United States and spurts of approval and support from its democratic
allies. The ability of the Western political leaders, media and humanitarian
intellectuals to get enraged at approved
villains like Arafat, Chavez, and Milosevic, while treating Begin, Netanyahu
and Sharon kindly as statesmen deserving of economic and military aid and
diplomatic support, is a small miracle
of self-deception, advanced double standards, and moral turpitude.
What makes it a miracle is that the basic premises as well as performance
of the Israeli state fly in the face of the entire range of enlightenment
values that supposedly underlie
Western civilization.
First, it is a racist state as a matter of ideology and law. It is
officially a Jewish state, 90 percent of the land in the state is reserved
for Jews, Palestinians have been barred from
leasing or buying state-owned lands that were seized in 1948 and later, and
Jews from abroad have a right to immigrate and become citizens with
privileges superior to those of indigenous non-Jews.
This kind of ideology and law was unacceptable as regards the apartheid
state of South Africa, although it is interesting that Reagan was
"constructively engaged" with that state, Margaret
Thatcher found it quite tolerable, and South African "anti-terror"
operations were integrated with those of the Free World. [3] The Nazis treatment of the Jews in Germany even
before the
organization of the death camps was and still is considered outrageous; and
the Soviet mistreatment of its Jewish population even led to punitive U.S.
legislation (the Jackson-Vanik bill, still
on the books). But the Israeli analogue of the Nuremberg laws and its
construction of a state built on racial discrimination is acceptable to the
enlightened West. The "chosen people" replace
the "master race," and that is not only acceptable, Israel is held up as a
model democracy and "light unto the world" (Anthony Lewis). And by
implication, Israel’s creation of a body of
humans who are second class citizens by law (or of a still lesser class in
the occupied territories), legally and politically "untermenschen," is also
acceptable. This is a unique system
of "privileged racism."
Second, the Israeli state has been allowed to ignore numerous Security
Council resolutions and the Fourth Geneva Convention regarding its
occupation of the West Bank, as well as the International
Court of Justice ruling on its apartheid wall, and simply dispossess the
Palestinians of a large fraction of their land and water, demolish
thousands of their homes, cut down many
thousands of their olive trees, destroy their infrastructure, and create a
modern network of roads through the occupied West Bank for Jews only while
imposing serious obstacles to
Palestinian movement within the West Bank. [4] This
systematic ethnic cleansing has been implemented by an extremely well
trained and well equipped army working over a virtually unarmed indigenous
population, to make room for Jewish settlers-and in violation of
international law on the proper behavior of an occupying power. This is a
unique system of "privileged ethnic cleansing,"
"privileged law violations," and "privileged exceptions to Security Council
and International Court rulings."
Third, Israel has periodically crossed its borders to make war on its
neighbors – Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon – has engaged in
supplementary bombing or acts of terrorism against those three countries
plus Tunisia, and for many years maintained a terrorist proxy army in
Lebanon while carrying out numerous terrorist raids there under its Iron
Fist policy, inflicting heavy civilian casualties. [5]
While the 1982 invasion of Lebanon was proclaimed to be in response to
terrorist attacks, in fact it was based on the absence of terrorist attacks
(despite deliberate Israeli provocations) and the
fear of having to negotiate with the Palestinians rather than continue to
ethnically cleanse them. [6] There was of course no
punishment or sanctions against Israel for these actions, as Israel
benefits from a "privileged right to aggression, state terrorism, and
sponsorship of terrorism," which is not unique but which follows from the
country’s status as a U.S. ally and client state.
Fourth, given its right to ethnically cleanse and terrorize in violation
of Security Council resolutions and international law, its victims have no
right to resist. They may be pushed off
their land, their homes demolished, olive trees uprooted, and their people
killed by IDF and settler violence, but forcible resistance on their part is
unacceptable "terrorism," to be deeply
deplored. A thousand odd Palestinians were killed by the Israelis during
their first and non-violent phase of resistance in the initial intifada
(1987-1992), but their passive resistance had no
effects on the illegal occupation, the international community did nothing
to alleviate their distress, and Israel had a tacit understanding with the
United States that it would be supported in its
violent response to the intifada until that resistance was broken. The ratio
of Palestinians to Israelis killed in these years was 25 to 1 or higher,
but given Israel’s privileged right to
terrorize, it was the Palestinians still labeled the terrorists.
Fifth, with full rights to ethnically cleanse and terrorize, and exempt
from international law, the Israelis were also free to put in charge of the
state a man responsible for a string of
terrorist attacks on civilians and, at Sabra and Shatila, a massacre of
somewhere between 800 and 3000 Palestinian civilians. Amusingly, the
Yugoslav Tribunal argued that genocidal intent could be
inferred from an action seeking to kill all the people of a given group in
one area, even if not part of a plan to kill all them elsewhere, citing
their own earlier decisions plus a UN Assembly
resolution of 1982 that the slaughter of 800 at Sabra and Shatila was "an
act of genocide." [7] But that kind of Tribunal
judgment was applied only to target Serbs-it was not only not
applied by the West to Sharon, it didn’t even interfere with his becoming an
honored head of state.
Sixth, with rights to ethnically cleanse and terrorize, such invidious
words were made inapplicable to Israeli actions. They were applied with
great indignation to Serb operations in Kosovo, which
were features of a civil war (stoked from abroad) and were not, as in the
Israeli case, designed to remove and replace an indigenous population in
favor of a different ethnic group.
Israel was not only exempt from charge of an extremely applicable pair of
words, it has also been the beneficiary of privileged usage of the words
"security" and "violence." The
Palestinians may be far more insecure than the Israelis and subject to a
much higher and more sustained level of violence, but again it is the
Palestinians who must reduce their resort to violence
and the big issue is how Israel can be made more secure. Palestinian
security is not an issue in the West, because their victimization is of no
concern and because their insecurity is a result
of their failure to accept the ethnic cleansing process and their
resistance to that process. They are "unworthy victims," by virtue of
deep-seated political bias.
The ethnic cleansing process, which involves wholesale terrorism, and is
the causal force that has elicited a responsive Palestinian retail
terrorism, is actually put forward (along with the
wall), not as a deliberate program to "redeem the land" for the chosen
people but as necessary for "Israel’s legitimate response to terrorism." [8] And the primary terrorists get away with
this!
Seventh, Israel is the only Middle Eastern state that has built up a
stock of nuclear weapons, and it has been aided in this not only by the
United States but also by France and Norway. This has
happened despite the 39 years of ethnic cleansing, steady and
record-breaking violations of Security Council demands and international
law, and periodic invasions of Israel’s neighbors.
This privileged right to nuclear weaponry and exemption from the
jurisdiction of the International Atomic Energy Agency and Non-Proliferation
Treaty flows from Israel’s other privileges noted
earlier, and ultimately the protection and cover of U.S. power.
Eighth, the Free World has been aghast at the possibility that Iran might
be positioning itself to acquire nuclear weapons at some future date. Iran
has of course been threatened with "regime
change" and bombing and other attacks by both the United States and Israel,
but Iran’s actions conflict with the regime of privilege in which only
Israel (and its superpower underwriter)
have a security problem and right of self defense; others, like the
Palestinians on the West Bank, must accept a position of inferiority, acute
insecurity, and ethnic cleansing and apartheid walls
and policies. Still others, like Iran, must cope with the threat of attack
and sanctions for engaging in legal actions and possibly seeking nuclear
means of self-defense, without help
from a Free World busily appeasing the United States and its Middle Eastern
client. So Israel not only has a nuclear privilege, it is able to get the
Free World to help it monopolize that
privilege in the Middle East, which of course gives it greater freedom to
ethnically cleanse.
Ninth, the Free World has also been upset at the victory of Hamas in the
Palestinian election of January 26, 2006. It is widely held that this may
disturb the "peace process," and George
Bush is not prepared to negotiate with a group that employs "violence"!
Violence, however, is the Bush and U.S. specialty, with three major
aggressions in the last seven years and an openly announced
program of domination based on military superiority; and Israel’s operations
in Palestine are violent beyond anything the Palestinians have been able to
muster, although in the ludicrously
biased West "suicide bombing" is horrifying whereas "targeted
assassinations" are not (although if the Palestinians had the capability of
targeting Israeli officials who can doubt that this
would horrify?). But just as "terrorism" cannot apply to the actions of the
United States and its Israeli client, neither can an invidious word like
"violence." These states only "retaliate" and
reluctantly use force in "self-defense" and with the best of intentions in
service to their "security" and humanitarian ends-and the West buys
this.
Hamas has grown in popularity because Fatah and its leaders have failed
to stop the ethnic cleansing process and have been unable to halt a steady
increase in Palestinian misery, with Israel
simply walking over Fatah’s leaders and making their tenure a complete
failure. Hamas was actually funded by Israel years ago with the objective of
splintering the Palestinians and weakening the
secular Fatah. It succeeded in this, but now that an Islamic group has taken
on power they and their patron will be able to find another reason to avoid
any final negotiated settlement with the
Palestinians, who have now voted in a party that does not eschew violence as
Sharon and Bush have done! Hamas also refuses to disarm and insists on a
right to defend its people against a
ruthless ethnic cleansing occupation, but in the West this is unreasonable
as only one side has the right to arms, self-defense and a concern over
"security." There is no right to resistance in
this case of shriveled moral instincts.
The "peace process" is an ultimate Orwellism, which I defined years ago
in a Doublespeak Dictionary as "Whatever the U.S. government happens to be
doing or supporting in an area of conflict
at the moment. It need not result in the termination of conflict or ongoing
pacification operations in the short or long term." So the "peace process"
in Palestine, steadily accepted or
actively supported by the U.S. government, has been characterized by
intensified ethnic cleansing, the destruction of the Palestinian
infrastructure, the settlement of some 450,000 Jews in the West
Bank, the construction of an apartheid wall, and the Israeli takeover of
much of East Jerusalem-in other words, the establishment by state terrorism
of enough "facts on the ground" to
make any kind of viable Palestinian state unthinkable. But for the
propaganda organs of the Free World, there has been a meaningful "peace
process" going on that the election of Hamas might
halt! [9]
This has all come about because the Israeli leadership has wanted
lebensraum for the chosen people, the indigenous Palestinians have stood in
the way and have had to be removed, and the Israelis
have been able to do this, with critical U.S. military and diplomatic
support. This process has fed on itself. That is, the eventual Palestinian
violent resistance, along with Palestinian
relative weakness and vulnerability, have exacerbated the racist
underpinning of the ethnic cleansing project, with a resultant increase in
its savagery over the years, helped along by Israel’s
elevation to its recent leadership of a major war criminal. U.S. aid and
protection in the project has been crucial, as that has prevented any
effective international response to policies which
violate basic morality as well as law, and which if carried out by a target
state would result in bombing and trials for war crimes. [10]
The U.S. role, and the neutralization of any "moral instinct" in the
United States itself, results in part from geopolitical considerations and
the role of Israel as a U.S. proxy and
enforcer, and in part from the ability of the pro-Israel lobby and its
grass-roots and Christian right supporters to cow the media and political
establishment into tacit or open support
of the ethnic cleansing project. The lobby’s tactics include aggressive
exploitation of guilt, with references to the Holocaust, identification of
criticism of Israeli ethnic
cleansing with "anti-semitism," along with straightforward bullying and
attempts to stifle criticism and debate [11] –
efforts which intensify in parallel with increases in the viciousness of the
ethnic cleansing process.
These efforts have been aided by 9/11 and the "war against terror," which
have helped demonize Arabs and make Israeli policy a part of that supposed
war. The lobby and its representatives in the
Bush administration were eager supporters of the attack on Iraq, and they
are now fighting energetically for war against Iran – in fact the
lobby is the only sector of society calling for a
confrontation with Iran and it is already engaged in a major campaign on
Bush and Congress to get the United States to take action. The Iraq war
provided an excellent cover for intensified ethnic
cleansing in Palestine, and a further war, despite its serious risks, might
help in a further phase of ethnic cleansing and possible "transfer" of a
population that poses a "demographic
threat."
The performance of the "international community" in the face of the
ethnic cleansing project has been a disgrace. Gung-ho for a war and trials
of alleged villains in the ex-Yugoslavia,
where the United States was pleased to oppose ethnic cleansing, selectively,
the EU, Japan, Kofi Annan, most of the NGOs, and the Arab states, have been
gutless and their "moral instinct" paralyzed by the U.S. commitment to
Israel, the strength of Israel and its diaspora, the Israeli exploitation
of Holocaust guilt, and in the EU the racist bias held over from the
colonial
past and exacerbated by the flow of propaganda that features "suicide
bombers," not targeted assassinations and massive and illegal brutalization
and land theft.
Holocaust denial is reprehensible, but in the current political context
it is confined to marginal elements and has no real impact, except for
possibly providing a diversion from those engaged in
"ethnic cleansing denial," which as regards Israel is real and widespread
among Western elites and has serious consequences.
Palestine is a crisis area par excellence, where a virtually helpless
people has been abused, humiliated, beggared, and steadily displaced by
force in favor of settlers protected by a huge
military machine, supplied in turn and protected by the United States, and
with the tacit agreement, if not more, of the rest of the Free World. The
big issue now for the Free World is, will Hamas
behave and accept ethnic cleansing (still in very active process) and
possible bantustan status at best, or will it threaten to resist and to
commit "terrorism"? Power and racism have neutralized
that "moral instinct" in the West in respect of this very important
case.
It is a very important case in part because several million Palestinians
are being immiserated in a tragic system of violence that could be
terminated easily by the United States and
international community by simply saying stop and threatening an end to aid
and possibly sanctions. But in the Free World the causal force is not seen
as the occupation and ethnic cleansing but
rather the resistance to these abuses. This perspective is stupid, vicious,
and is actually a rationalization of the racist and politically
opportunistic support of the ethnic
cleansing project.
The situation in Palestine is also very important because hundreds of
millions of Arabs and a billion or more people of the Islamic faith, and
billions beyond that, interpret the West’s
treatment of the Palestinians as a reflection of a racist and colonialist
attitude toward Arabs, Islamists, and Third World people more broadly. It is
a wonderful producer of anti-Western
terrorism, but also and even more importantly a deep anger, hatred and
distrust of the West and its motives. It is a cancer that bodes ill for the
future of the human condition.
[1] David Rieff, "A New Age of Liberal Imperialism?," World Policy
Journal, Summer 1999. Ignatieff is quoted by Rieff.
[2] See Susan Woodward, Balkan Tragedy (Brookings: 1995); Diana
Johnstone,
href="http://www.plutobooks.com/cgi-local/nplutobrows.pl?chkisbn=0745319505& main=&second=&third=&foo=../ssi/ssfooter.ssi">Fools’ Crusade
Monthly Review: 1999); David Owen, Balkan Odyssey (Harcourt Brace:
1995); Lenard J. Cohen,
Serpent in the Bosom: The Rise and Fall of Slobodan Milosevic
(Westview: 2001).
[3] That integration of Western security services and "experts," including
those of apartheid South Africa, is described in Edward Herman and Gerry
O’Sullivan, The Terrorism Industry (Pantheon: 1990).
[4] For good accounts of this dispossession, brutalization and immiseration
process, see Noam Chomsky, The Fateful Triangle (South End: 1999),
Chap. 8; Kathleen Christison, The Wound of
Dispossession (Ocean Tree Book: 2003); Norman Finkelstein,
Beyond Chutzpah (University of California: 2005), Part 2; Michel
Warschawski, Toward An Open Tomb (Monthly Review: 2004); Jeff Halper,
"http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/carryover/pubs/20010328ib.html">Despair: Israel’s Ultimate Weapon
28, 2001; and Jeff Halper,
href="http://www.merip.org/mer/mer216/216_halper.html">The 94 Percent Solution: A Matrix of Control
Middle East Report, Fall, 2000.
[5] Noam Chomsky, Pirates & Emperors (Claremont Research:
1986), chap. 2; Chomsky, Fateful Triangle, chap. 9.
[6] Yehoshua Porath, an Israeli expert on the Palestinian national movement,
wrote in Haaretz, June 25, 1982, that "It seems to me that the
decision of the government [to invade Lebanon]…
flowed from the very fact that the cease fire had been observed [by the
Palestinians]." For more details, Chomsky, Fateful Triangle, pp.
198-209.
[7] In the August 2, 2001 Judgment in the case of Prosecutor v. Radislav
Krstic (
"http://www.un.org/icty/krstic/TrialC1/judgement/index.htm">IT-98-33-T
Section G, "
"http://www.un.org/icty/krstic/TrialC1/judgement/krs-tj010802e-3.htm#IIIG">G enocide
the Tribunal relied on a "1982 UN General Assembly Resolution that the
murder of at least 800 Palestinians in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps
that year was ’an act of genocide’." The UN General
Assembly Resolution was "The situation in the Middle East" (
"http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/37/a37r123.htm">A/RES/37/123
Section D, December 16, 1982).
[8] Quoting Israeli political scientist, Gerald Steinberg, in Chris McGreal,
apart, Guardian, February 6, 2006. A recent article in Haaretz
based on a report by the human rights groups
href="http://www.Haaretz.com/hasen/spages/685938.html">B’Tselem and Bimkom claims and shows
consideration behind the route for ’numerous segments’ of the separation
fence was settlement expansion".
[9] See "Washington’s Peace Process," chapter 10 in Chomsky’s, The
Fateful Triangle.
[10] Slobodan Milosevic was indicted by the Yugoslav Tribunal on May
22, 1999 for command responsibility for the death of 344 Kosovo Albanians,
almost all of whom were killed in the
aftermath of NATO’s commencement of a bombing war on March 24, 1999;
Sharon, on the other hand, was found even by an Israeli commission to have
been responsible for a Sabra and Shatila
massacre in which more than twice as many Palestinians, almost all women,
children and the elderly, were slaughtered. But as noted in the text Sharon
is subject to a different system of
evaluation and treatment.
[11] See Joan Wallach Scott, "Middle East Studies Under Siege," The
Link, January-March 2006.